Flooding can create severe and immediate financial strain for households, particularly when property damage is uninsured and access to affordable credit is limited. This study introduces a simulation-based framework that links flood impacts directly to household financial conditions, revealing how flood damage can translate into credit constraints through negative equity, liquidity shortfalls, or both. Applying the framework to a series of major floods in North Carolina shows that a substantial share of flood-related property damage was uninsured and that many affected mortgage borrowers lacked the financial capacity to fund repairs, placing their recovery at risk. By identifying which households are most likely to face unmet funding needs after flooding, this work provides new insight into how climate-related hazards can propagate through housing and credit systems, with implications for financial stability and social resilience. Although projections are subject to uncertainty due to data limitations, the framework offers a valuable tool for exploring risk management and policy interventions, and highlights the urgent need for improved data coordination to better assess and manage climate-related financial risks.

This paper systematically reviews 250 studies (2010–2023) on the use of social media data (SMD) in disaster management, highlighting its applications in relevance filtering, actionable information extraction, and decision-making enhancement. It develops a comprehensive literature database and identifies key trends, advantages, and challenges, proposing best practices for leveraging SMD to improve disaster response, communication, and management strategies.

This study presents the first end-to-end Earthquake Early Warning system designed specifically for Italy’s high-speed railway. It details the full implementation process, demonstrating the technical and operational complexities of integrating real-time seismic alerts with rigid railway control interfaces capable of triggering automatic emergency braking. The successful pilot application has led the Italian railway company (Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, RFI) to prepare for expansion of this system to additional high-speed rail segments across the national network.

The paper delivers a timely and critical assessment of the Sendai Framework’s science–policy interface at a pivotal moment. This draws directly on insights from the 2025 Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction. The paper makes a high-impact contribution with direct relevance for global disaster risk reduction policy and practice, extending beyond 2030.

The paper develops an innovative methodology for creating a comprehensive multirisk database spanning more than four centuries, which is exceptionally rare in natural hazard studies. Its temporal depth and detailed documentation of impacts provide valuable insights into the long-term dynamics of hazards and their interactions with society. By covering multiple hazard types and cascading events, the study offers broadly transferable methods and findings that will be of interest well beyond the case study area.