Drought is a complex phenomenon resulting from interactions between physical and social systems that impacts both societies and ecosystems around the world yearly. Drought risks are systemic and increasing (UNDRR, 2021). In 2019, scientists from African countries urged the world to end the drought in drought research and asked for more support to better identify and prepare for drought disasters (Padma, 2019). Preparing for future drought requires a thorough understanding of the complexities of systemic drought risk and adaptation feedbacks, effective drought risk management, and good communication of the risk and potential adaptation options. In the special issue on Drought, society, and ecosystems, we aim to showcase the diverse interdisciplinary research being done on the interactions between drought, ecosystems, and people (including human-induced climate change and management).

We solicit contributions (commentaries, review articles, original research articles) from different perspectives on this interdisciplinary topic from research scientists of different fields, students, practitioners, and stakeholders. It will be a unique opportunity to further our understanding of drought risk, adaptation, and feedbacks. The co-listing of this special issue under the Copernicus journals Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS), Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS), Geoscience Communication (GC), and Biogeosciences (BG) allows for more diversity in perspectives.

Abstracts that fall under one of the following (or related) themes will be considered:

• drought risk analysis
• drought impact attribution
• water security in diverse contexts
• drought risk management and communication
• co-creation of drought information services
• drought in (socio-)ecological systems
• drought and the food–water–energy–environment nexus
• influence of human activities on drought hazard
• socio-hydrology of human–drought interactions
• drought and vulnerability (in ecological and/or social systems)
• drought adaptation (in ecological and/or social systems)
• climate change impacts on drought/water security.

Manuscripts with diverse authorships and with case studies in different geographic regions are especially welcomed. The special issue arises from the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Panta Rhei working group Drought in the Anthropocene and aims to showcase the research done on drought–society–ecosystem interactions during the IAHS Panta Rhei decade (2013–2023). However, unsolicited contributions are also highly encouraged. The guest editors aim for diversity and balance in contributions and authors, encouraging researchers from countries underrepresented in science, women, and minorities to contribute to this special issue.

References:

UNDRR: GAR Special Report on Drought 2021, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, ISBN 9789212320274, 2021.

Padma, T.V.: African nations push UN to improve drought research, Nature, 573, 319-320, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02760-9, 2019.

We invite contributions to a special issue in NHESS on the European seismic hazard and risk models. During the 20th century, earthquakes in Europe accounted for more than 200 000 deaths and over EUR 250 billion in losses. Earthquakes cannot be prevented or precisely predicted, but efficient mitigation measures informed by earthquake hazard and risk models can significantly reduce their impacts.

It has long been recognized that earthquake effects extend across country borders and that seismic hazard and risk must be addressed not only locally but also nationally and, equally importantly, at a regional level.

In 2022, the European Facilities for Earthquake Hazard and Risk (EFEHR) released the next-generation European seismic hazard model and the first harmonized European earthquake risk models. The development of these models was a joint multiyear effort of seismologists, geologists, and engineers across Europe. These models offer harmonized information on the spatial distribution of expected levels of ground shaking due to earthquakes, their frequency, and their potential impact on the built environment and on people's well-being.

The newly released update of the earthquake hazard model and the first earthquake risk model for Europe are the basis for establishing mitigation measures and making communities more resilient. They significantly improve understanding of where strong shaking is most likely to occur and what effects future earthquakes in Europe will have.

We invite contributions to a virtual special issue in NHESS related to the European seismic hazard and risk model building, model results, sensitivity analysis, and all model components. We also welcome contributions on seismic hazard and risk assessment in general, at the local, national, and regional levels, with a particular emphasis on seismogenic source models, earthquake rate forecasts, active fault modelling, empirical and physical ground motion modelling, site effect evaluation, exposure modelling, numerical and empirical vulnerability model development, assessment of seismic hazard across political boundaries, comparison and sensitivity analyses, and other related topics. Contributions demonstrating the development of novel testing procedures, as well as the comprehensive treatment of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, are also encouraged.

Submission to the virtual special issues will start in July 2022 and end in July 2023; contributions will be open for community reviews and published online as soon as the review process is completed.

Extreme hydro-meteorological events drive hazardous hydrologic and geomorphic responses, such as floods, landslides, and debris flows, which pose a significant threat to modern societies on a global scale. The continuous increase in population and urban settlements in hazard-prone areas in combination with evidence of changes in extreme weather events leads to a concerning increase in risks associated with weather-induced hazards. To improve resilience and to design more effective mitigation strategies, we need to better understand the aspects of vulnerability, risk, mitigation, and triggers that are associated with these hazards.

This special issue aims at gathering contributions on the most recent research advances on vulnerability analysis, risk estimation, impact assessment, mitigation policies, and communication strategies related to hydro-meteorological extremes.

In the past decades, the risk to society due to natural hazards has increased around the globe. The Andes region is particularly exposed to natural hazards like earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, volcanic activity, forest fires, and others. To mitigate these threats, effective risk management is indispensable, for which reliable and up-to-date information is essential. The complex relationships between multiple and consecutive natural hazards, the exposed population, a dynamic vulnerability, and critical infrastructures lead to cascading effects which are often not considered. Furthermore, the assessment, quantification, and propagation of intrinsic and epistemic uncertainty are mostly not considered. This can lead to inadequate or even misleading risk management strategies, thus hindering efficient prevention and mitigation measures, and ultimately undermining the resilience of societies.

The special issue aims at making a significant contribution to single-hazard and multi-hazard risk assessment, including exposure and dynamic vulnerability, and progressing towards the analysis of cascading effects. Specific topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to,

• new methods and techniques for (multi-)hazard scenarios, exposure, and vulnerability modelling;
• new methods and techniques for impact assessment, cascading effects, and loss estimation;
• design, development, and implementation of tools for the analysis of multi-risks;
• analysis and development towards practical applications for stakeholders and decision makers.

The special issue asks for contributions that address countries of the Andes region. Submissions for all manuscript types such as research articles, review articles, and brief communications are welcome.

The session welcomes papers dealing with disaster impact on architecture, landscape, urban and cross-border areas, territory, natural (protected) areas, and infrastructure, including but not limited to the following:

• digital photographic or 3D models reflecting the pre-disaster state of affected areas, for example before and after disaster or before and after reconstruction surveys;
• decision methods to balance between the (landscape) architecture–artistic–historic value and vulnerability in order to select appropriate preventive retrofit or post-disaster repair methods;
• ways to consider regional characteristics when selecting prevention measures or when rebuilding after disaster;
• local culture in vernacular architecture based on historic disaster experience;
• illustration of historic disasters in image and photography;
• post-disaster planning interventions (restructuring, reconstruction, reconfiguration, revitalization, renaturation, restoration, etc.), which lead to the positive/negative transformation of a landscape, an urban area, or an architectural (heritage) construction;
• mapping techniques of landmark perception for consideration in reconstruction after disaster;
• cultural landscape elements and associated genius loci – the memory of a place, architectural construction, urban area, landscape, or territory that went through a disaster or that developed as a result of post-disaster planning operations;
• nature-based solutions for disaster resilience, including climate change effects;
• urban wildland interfaces for the forest and natural protected areas in the city and urban water interfaces, adapting in practice solutions based on resilient planning in relevant cases;
• ecosystem-based fire risk reduction and adaptation in practice;
• solutions to minimize risk in areas with major infrastructure and utility networks, through design and urban planning;
• impact assessment on infrastructure systems with a particular interest in flooding on transportation networks;
• any other related topics.

Initiated by the German research project ClimXtreme (https://climxtreme.net/index.php), but open to all relevant submissions, the objective of the inter-journal special issue "Past and future European atmospheric extreme events under climate change" is to compile research results and recent advances in research exploring if and how extreme weather events have changed in the past, and what is to be expected under future climate scenarios. The time span covers the past and present centuries. Foci are physical mechanisms, statistical assessments, and impact-prone processes. Research on physical mechanisms addresses understanding the relationship between the extreme events' occurrence and severity and their spatial and temporal environment, exploring how climate change influences their generation processes in the past and a prospective future. Statistical approaches related to data science make use of large heterogeneous observational and model output data, of both the past and future, or advanced statistical methods, such as attribution research. Impact-related research investigates factors modifying the relation of the extreme meteorological conditions and the outcome in terms of damage, as pre-conditioning mechanisms can change the resilience of society and ecosystems against extremes. Compound meteorological events can lead to damage with a combination of relatively weak extremes. The regional focus is on continental Europe and its marginal seas, including the Atlantic and Arctic regions as important interacting parts of the climate system. Authors are advised to choose the most appropriate journal for their papers, which in this inter-journal special issue are Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS), Advances in Statistical Climatology, Meteorology and Oceanography (ASCMO), and Weather and Climate Dynamics (WCD).

Building on growing evidence that acting before the onset of a disaster is significantly faster, more dignified, and more (cost-)effective than response afterwards, humanitarian and governmental actors develop and implement anticipatory action frameworks. Anticipatory action requires impact-based forecasting models with appropriate thresholds to trigger pre-defined early actions that mitigate the predicted impact. Despite significant advances in hazard forecasting and the data revolution leading to more data on risk and impact as well as artificial intelligence solutions becoming available, it remains challenging to produce impact-based forecasts. This special issue aims to showcase lessons learned and best practices on impact-based multi-hazard early-warning early-action systems from the perspective of the multiple actors involved in the anticipatory action value chain. It presents novel methods to translate climate-related and geohazard forecasts into impact-based forecasts. We solicit contributions (commentaries, review articles, original research articles) from different perspectives on this interdisciplinary topic from research scientists, students, practitioners, and stakeholders. It will be a unique opportunity to further our understanding of impact-based forecasting.

Abstracts that fall under one of the following themes will be considered:

• risk or impact assessments that are undertaken to inform the co-production of impact-based forecasting models and early-action protocols and to set corresponding trigger levels, whichcan include research into how risk and impact data can be governed, ensuring, for example, the sharing of data between the multitude of data providers and data users, or how historical hazard-impact catalogues can be created;
• forecast skill analyses of the hazard forecasts from national, regional, or global forecasting sources so that there is a clear understanding of the reliability of hazard forecasts that are used in the impact-based forecasts;
• reflections on the influence of forecast uncertainty across different timescales in decision-making and on how uncertainties can best be communicated and visualized;
• impact-based forecasting modelling, ranging from composite risk index types of approaches to elementary or statistical modelling, andbenchmarking of different approaches;
• the use of state-of-the-art methods, such as using artificial intelligence, big data, and earth observation applications, to address the difficulties in the creation of hazard-impact catalogues, impact-based forecasting models, and/or beneficiary targeting;
• research work linked to people-centred early-warning systems and anticipatory action including the role of indigenous/traditional knowledge in the development and strengthening of people-centred early-warning systems, last-mile early-warning delivery, and the co-design of gender- and disability-sensitive climate services for a gender-transformative early warning;
• barriers and opportunities in the development and use of impact-based forecasting in anticipatory action systems; explanations of the role of humanitarian agencies, scientists, and communities at risk in creating standard operating procedures for economically feasible actions; examples of cost-efficient portfolios of early actions for climate-/geo-related impact preparedness such as cash transfer for droughts or weather-based insurance for floods; assessments on the types and costs of possible forecast-based disaster risk management actions; practical applications of impact forecasts.

Manuscripts with case studies in different geographic regions will be welcome. Papers that do not address these topics, if appropriate, will be proposed to the general submissions for NHESS. A series of contributions will be drawn from EGU 2023 Session HS4.5 Reducing the impacts of natural hazards through forecast-based action: from early warning to early actionand Session HS4.4 Operational forecasting and warning systems for natural hazards and climate emergency: challenges and innovations. However, unsolicited contributions are also highly encouraged. The guest editors aim for diversity and balance in contributions and authors, encouraging researchers from developing countries, women, and underrepresented minorities to contribute to this special issue.

Central Asian countries, which include Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, are known to be highly exposed and vulnerable to a broad range of natural hazards, especially floods, earthquakes, and landslides, which frequently result in economic and human losses. According to the country risk profiles developed by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), the annual average population affected in these countries is almost 1 million by floods and 2 million by earthquakes. Landslides can also cause significant loss of life and trigger disruptions to transport networks. Steadily growing population and urbanization trends, as well as climate change, have contributed to an increase in the frequency and severity of related losses caused by natural disasters in the region and are expected to exacerbate natural risks in the future. Regrettably, the availability of risk information for disaster risk management (DRM) and disaster risk financing and insurance (DRFI) activities is presently rather heterogeneous and scattered across the region. The goal of this special issue is to collect the most recent hazard and risk studies and developments to promote regional and trans-boundary planning and coordination of present and future DRM and DRFI strategies, to improve financial resilience and risk-informed investment planning towards building disaster and climate resilience in Central Asia.

Central Asian countries, which include Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, are known to be highly exposed and vulnerable to a broad range of natural hazards, especially floods, earthquakes, and landslides, which frequently result in economic and human losses. According to the country risk profiles developed by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), the annual average population affected in these countries is almost 1 million by floods and 2 million by earthquakes. Landslides can also cause significant loss of life and trigger disruptions to transport networks. Steadily growing population and urbanization trends, as well as climate change, have contributed to an increase in the frequency and severity of related losses caused by natural disasters in the region and are expected to exacerbate natural risks in the future. Regrettably, the availability of risk information for disaster risk management (DRM) and disaster risk financing and insurance (DRFI) activities is presently rather heterogeneous and scattered across the region. The goal of this special issue is to collect the most recent hazard and risk studies and developments to promote regional and trans-boundary planning and coordination of present and future DRM and DRFI strategies, to improve financial resilience and risk-informed investment planning towards building disaster and climate resilience in Central Asia.

Drought is a complex phenomenon resulting from interactions between physical and social systems that impacts both societies and ecosystems around the world yearly. Drought risks are systemic and increasing (UNDRR, 2021). In 2019, scientists from African countries urged the world to end the drought in drought research and asked for more support to better identify and prepare for drought disasters (Padma, 2019). Preparing for future drought requires a thorough understanding of the complexities of systemic drought risk and adaptation feedbacks, effective drought risk management, and good communication of the risk and potential adaptation options. In the special issue on Drought, society, and ecosystems, we aim to showcase the diverse interdisciplinary research being done on the interactions between drought, ecosystems, and people (including human-induced climate change and management).

We solicit contributions (commentaries, review articles, original research articles) from different perspectives on this interdisciplinary topic from research scientists of different fields, students, practitioners, and stakeholders. It will be a unique opportunity to further our understanding of drought risk, adaptation, and feedbacks. The co-listing of this special issue under the Copernicus journals Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS), Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS), Geoscience Communication (GC), and Biogeosciences (BG) allows for more diversity in perspectives.

Abstracts that fall under one of the following (or related) themes will be considered:

• drought risk analysis
• drought impact attribution
• water security in diverse contexts
• drought risk management and communication
• co-creation of drought information services
• drought in (socio-)ecological systems
• drought and the food–water–energy–environment nexus
• influence of human activities on drought hazard
• socio-hydrology of human–drought interactions
• drought and vulnerability (in ecological and/or social systems)
• drought adaptation (in ecological and/or social systems)
• climate change impacts on drought/water security.

Manuscripts with diverse authorships and with case studies in different geographic regions are especially welcomed. The special issue arises from the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) Panta Rhei working group Drought in the Anthropocene and aims to showcase the research done on drought–society–ecosystem interactions during the IAHS Panta Rhei decade (2013–2023). However, unsolicited contributions are also highly encouraged. The guest editors aim for diversity and balance in contributions and authors, encouraging researchers from countries underrepresented in science, women, and minorities to contribute to this special issue.

References:

UNDRR: GAR Special Report on Drought 2021, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, ISBN 9789212320274, 2021.

Padma, T.V.: African nations push UN to improve drought research, Nature, 573, 319-320, https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02760-9, 2019.

The session welcomes papers dealing with disaster impact on architecture, landscape, urban and cross-border areas, territory, natural (protected) areas, and infrastructure, including but not limited to the following:

• digital photographic or 3D models reflecting the pre-disaster state of affected areas, for example before and after disaster or before and after reconstruction surveys;
• decision methods to balance between the (landscape) architecture–artistic–historic value and vulnerability in order to select appropriate preventive retrofit or post-disaster repair methods;
• ways to consider regional characteristics when selecting prevention measures or when rebuilding after disaster;
• local culture in vernacular architecture based on historic disaster experience;
• illustration of historic disasters in image and photography;
• post-disaster planning interventions (restructuring, reconstruction, reconfiguration, revitalization, renaturation, restoration, etc.), which lead to the positive/negative transformation of a landscape, an urban area, or an architectural (heritage) construction;
• mapping techniques of landmark perception for consideration in reconstruction after disaster;
• cultural landscape elements and associated genius loci – the memory of a place, architectural construction, urban area, landscape, or territory that went through a disaster or that developed as a result of post-disaster planning operations;
• nature-based solutions for disaster resilience, including climate change effects;
• urban wildland interfaces for the forest and natural protected areas in the city and urban water interfaces, adapting in practice solutions based on resilient planning in relevant cases;
• ecosystem-based fire risk reduction and adaptation in practice;
• solutions to minimize risk in areas with major infrastructure and utility networks, through design and urban planning;
• impact assessment on infrastructure systems with a particular interest in flooding on transportation networks;
• any other related topics.

Building on growing evidence that acting before the onset of a disaster is significantly faster, more dignified, and more (cost-)effective than response afterwards, humanitarian and governmental actors develop and implement anticipatory action frameworks. Anticipatory action requires impact-based forecasting models with appropriate thresholds to trigger pre-defined early actions that mitigate the predicted impact. Despite significant advances in hazard forecasting and the data revolution leading to more data on risk and impact as well as artificial intelligence solutions becoming available, it remains challenging to produce impact-based forecasts. This special issue aims to showcase lessons learned and best practices on impact-based multi-hazard early-warning early-action systems from the perspective of the multiple actors involved in the anticipatory action value chain. It presents novel methods to translate climate-related and geohazard forecasts into impact-based forecasts. We solicit contributions (commentaries, review articles, original research articles) from different perspectives on this interdisciplinary topic from research scientists, students, practitioners, and stakeholders. It will be a unique opportunity to further our understanding of impact-based forecasting.

Abstracts that fall under one of the following themes will be considered:

• risk or impact assessments that are undertaken to inform the co-production of impact-based forecasting models and early-action protocols and to set corresponding trigger levels, whichcan include research into how risk and impact data can be governed, ensuring, for example, the sharing of data between the multitude of data providers and data users, or how historical hazard-impact catalogues can be created;
• forecast skill analyses of the hazard forecasts from national, regional, or global forecasting sources so that there is a clear understanding of the reliability of hazard forecasts that are used in the impact-based forecasts;
• reflections on the influence of forecast uncertainty across different timescales in decision-making and on how uncertainties can best be communicated and visualized;
• impact-based forecasting modelling, ranging from composite risk index types of approaches to elementary or statistical modelling, andbenchmarking of different approaches;
• the use of state-of-the-art methods, such as using artificial intelligence, big data, and earth observation applications, to address the difficulties in the creation of hazard-impact catalogues, impact-based forecasting models, and/or beneficiary targeting;
• research work linked to people-centred early-warning systems and anticipatory action including the role of indigenous/traditional knowledge in the development and strengthening of people-centred early-warning systems, last-mile early-warning delivery, and the co-design of gender- and disability-sensitive climate services for a gender-transformative early warning;
• barriers and opportunities in the development and use of impact-based forecasting in anticipatory action systems; explanations of the role of humanitarian agencies, scientists, and communities at risk in creating standard operating procedures for economically feasible actions; examples of cost-efficient portfolios of early actions for climate-/geo-related impact preparedness such as cash transfer for droughts or weather-based insurance for floods; assessments on the types and costs of possible forecast-based disaster risk management actions; practical applications of impact forecasts.

Manuscripts with case studies in different geographic regions will be welcome. Papers that do not address these topics, if appropriate, will be proposed to the general submissions for NHESS. A series of contributions will be drawn from EGU 2023 Session HS4.5 Reducing the impacts of natural hazards through forecast-based action: from early warning to early actionand Session HS4.4 Operational forecasting and warning systems for natural hazards and climate emergency: challenges and innovations. However, unsolicited contributions are also highly encouraged. The guest editors aim for diversity and balance in contributions and authors, encouraging researchers from developing countries, women, and underrepresented minorities to contribute to this special issue.

We invite contributions to a special issue in NHESS on the European seismic hazard and risk models. During the 20th century, earthquakes in Europe accounted for more than 200 000 deaths and over EUR 250 billion in losses. Earthquakes cannot be prevented or precisely predicted, but efficient mitigation measures informed by earthquake hazard and risk models can significantly reduce their impacts.

It has long been recognized that earthquake effects extend across country borders and that seismic hazard and risk must be addressed not only locally but also nationally and, equally importantly, at a regional level.

In 2022, the European Facilities for Earthquake Hazard and Risk (EFEHR) released the next-generation European seismic hazard model and the first harmonized European earthquake risk models. The development of these models was a joint multiyear effort of seismologists, geologists, and engineers across Europe. These models offer harmonized information on the spatial distribution of expected levels of ground shaking due to earthquakes, their frequency, and their potential impact on the built environment and on people's well-being.

The newly released update of the earthquake hazard model and the first earthquake risk model for Europe are the basis for establishing mitigation measures and making communities more resilient. They significantly improve understanding of where strong shaking is most likely to occur and what effects future earthquakes in Europe will have.

We invite contributions to a virtual special issue in NHESS related to the European seismic hazard and risk model building, model results, sensitivity analysis, and all model components. We also welcome contributions on seismic hazard and risk assessment in general, at the local, national, and regional levels, with a particular emphasis on seismogenic source models, earthquake rate forecasts, active fault modelling, empirical and physical ground motion modelling, site effect evaluation, exposure modelling, numerical and empirical vulnerability model development, assessment of seismic hazard across political boundaries, comparison and sensitivity analyses, and other related topics. Contributions demonstrating the development of novel testing procedures, as well as the comprehensive treatment of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, are also encouraged.

Submission to the virtual special issues will start in July 2022 and end in July 2023; contributions will be open for community reviews and published online as soon as the review process is completed.

Extreme hydro-meteorological events drive hazardous hydrologic and geomorphic responses, such as floods, landslides, and debris flows, which pose a significant threat to modern societies on a global scale. The continuous increase in population and urban settlements in hazard-prone areas in combination with evidence of changes in extreme weather events leads to a concerning increase in risks associated with weather-induced hazards. To improve resilience and to design more effective mitigation strategies, we need to better understand the aspects of vulnerability, risk, mitigation, and triggers that are associated with these hazards.

This special issue aims at gathering contributions on the most recent research advances on vulnerability analysis, risk estimation, impact assessment, mitigation policies, and communication strategies related to hydro-meteorological extremes.

Initiated by the German research project ClimXtreme (https://climxtreme.net/index.php), but open to all relevant submissions, the objective of the inter-journal special issue "Past and future European atmospheric extreme events under climate change" is to compile research results and recent advances in research exploring if and how extreme weather events have changed in the past, and what is to be expected under future climate scenarios. The time span covers the past and present centuries. Foci are physical mechanisms, statistical assessments, and impact-prone processes. Research on physical mechanisms addresses understanding the relationship between the extreme events' occurrence and severity and their spatial and temporal environment, exploring how climate change influences their generation processes in the past and a prospective future. Statistical approaches related to data science make use of large heterogeneous observational and model output data, of both the past and future, or advanced statistical methods, such as attribution research. Impact-related research investigates factors modifying the relation of the extreme meteorological conditions and the outcome in terms of damage, as pre-conditioning mechanisms can change the resilience of society and ecosystems against extremes. Compound meteorological events can lead to damage with a combination of relatively weak extremes. The regional focus is on continental Europe and its marginal seas, including the Atlantic and Arctic regions as important interacting parts of the climate system. Authors are advised to choose the most appropriate journal for their papers, which in this inter-journal special issue are Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS), Advances in Statistical Climatology, Meteorology and Oceanography (ASCMO), and Weather and Climate Dynamics (WCD).

In the past decades, the risk to society due to natural hazards has increased around the globe. The Andes region is particularly exposed to natural hazards like earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, volcanic activity, forest fires, and others. To mitigate these threats, effective risk management is indispensable, for which reliable and up-to-date information is essential. The complex relationships between multiple and consecutive natural hazards, the exposed population, a dynamic vulnerability, and critical infrastructures lead to cascading effects which are often not considered. Furthermore, the assessment, quantification, and propagation of intrinsic and epistemic uncertainty are mostly not considered. This can lead to inadequate or even misleading risk management strategies, thus hindering efficient prevention and mitigation measures, and ultimately undermining the resilience of societies.

The special issue aims at making a significant contribution to single-hazard and multi-hazard risk assessment, including exposure and dynamic vulnerability, and progressing towards the analysis of cascading effects. Specific topics of this special issue include, but are not limited to,

• new methods and techniques for (multi-)hazard scenarios, exposure, and vulnerability modelling;
• new methods and techniques for impact assessment, cascading effects, and loss estimation;
• design, development, and implementation of tools for the analysis of multi-risks;
• analysis and development towards practical applications for stakeholders and decision makers.

The special issue asks for contributions that address countries of the Andes region. Submissions for all manuscript types such as research articles, review articles, and brief communications are welcome.